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Cotton is the most commonly used natural fiber worldwide, and as such is an important component of the textile industry. Cotton is grown in the tropics and is seasonally dry in the northern and southern hemispheres, although most of the world's production occurs north of the equator. The main producing countries are India, China, the United States, Brazil and Pakistan. Together, these countries account for more than three-quarters of global production. The outlook for global cotton use depends on developing and emerging economies.

Despite a stronger dollar, excitement over a possible US-China trade deal caused cotton futures to soar beyond 69 cents per pound, their highest level since December 23. China is the world's biggest user of cotton and has a significant impact on cotton prices worldwide. With $1.5 billion in exports last year, China continues to be a vital market for American cotton, according to figures from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The U.S. Department of Agriculture provided a good sales report on April 17 that further bolstered prices. The report stated that net sales of upland cotton increased by 76% to 202,000 RB for the 2024–2025 season, which was 88% more than the four-week average.

China is expected to remain the top raw cotton importer over the next decade, followed by Vietnam and Bangladesh. By 2030, imports in China are expected to grow by 17%, and in Bangladesh and Vietnam by 41%. The United States will remain the world's largest exporter during the outlook period. Its exports have stabilized in recent years, recovering from lows in 2016, and the US share of world trade is projected to be 33% by 2030, compared with 36% during the baseline period. department. Brazilian exports are expected to grow strongly over the next decade as Brazil establishes its position as the second largest exporter by 2030, further increasing its share in the global market. India will continue to be the third largest exporter with shipments expected to reach 1.5 million tonnes by 2030, 70% more than the base period.